Employment: Growth, Informalisation & Key Issues – Class 11 Economics Notes

Employment: Growth, Informalisation & Key Issues – Class 11 Economics Notes. Comprehensive and simple notes on Chapter 7 – Employment: Growth, Informalisation, and Other Issues for Class 11 Economics. Includes key points, FAQs, and important questions to ace your exams.

Introduction to Employment

• Definition: Employment refers to the activity that enables people to earn income in exchange for their labor or service.
• Importance: Vital for economic development as it provides income, reduces poverty, and enhances living standards.
  

Types of Workers

Self-Employed:

Owns and runs their businesses (e.g., shopkeepers, farmers).

Hired Workers:

• Work under employers in return for wages.

Regular Salaried Workers:

• Fixed income jobs.

Casual Workers:

• Temporary or seasonal employment.

Growth of Employment

• Employment Growth Rate: Measures the percentage increase in jobs over a specific period.
• Recent Trends: Decline in employment growth rate, increasing dependence on the informal sector.
  

Informalisation of Labor

• Definition: Increasing dependence on informal sector jobs that lack job security, fixed income, and benefits.
• Challenges:
  • No job security.
  • Poor working conditions.
  • Absence of social security benefits.

Unemployment in India

• Types of Unemployment:
  • Disguised Unemployment: More people employed than required.
  • Seasonal Unemployment: Workers are jobless during certain seasons (e.g., agriculture).
  • Structural Unemployment: Jobs not matching skills of workers.
  • Educated Unemployment: Lack of jobs for qualified individuals.
• Causes:
  • Population growth.
  • Lack of skill-based education.
  • Low industrial growth.

Government Initiatives

• MGNREGA (2005): Provides 100 days of guaranteed employment in rural areas.
• Skill India Mission: Enhances vocational training.
• Startup India: Encourages entrepreneurship.

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Key Points for Exam

1. Define employment and its importance.
2. Explain the types of workers with examples.
3. Discuss informalisation and its impacts.
4. Explain types and causes of unemployment.
5. Write about government measures to address unemployment.

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Important Questions with Answers

Q1: Define employment and explain its importance.

Answer: Employment refers to work done in exchange for income. It is essential as it provides livelihood, reduces poverty, and contributes to economic growth.

Q2: What is the difference between regular salaried and casual workers?

Answer:

• Regular Salaried Workers: Have job security, fixed income, and benefits.
• Casual Workers: Work temporarily, often without benefits or job security.

Q3: What is informalisation of labor? List its challenges.

Answer: Informalisation is the increasing reliance on informal jobs lacking security and benefits. Challenges include:

1. No job security.
2. Poor working conditions.
3. No social security benefits.

Q4: Explain disguised and seasonal unemployment.

Answer:

• Disguised Unemployment: More workers than needed, leading to underemployment (common in agriculture).
• Seasonal Unemployment: Joblessness during off-seasons in specific industries.

Q5: What are the steps taken by the government to reduce unemployment?

Answer: Initiatives like MGNREGA, Skill India Mission, and Startup India aim to create jobs, improve skills, and encourage entrepreneurship.

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Class 11 Economics Chapter 7: Employment: Growth, Informalisation, and Other Issues in short

1. Employment: Work for income; critical for economic growth and poverty reduction.
2. Types of Workers:
   • Self-employed: Own businesses.
   • Hired Workers:
     • Regular Salaried: Secure, fixed income.
     • Casual Workers: Temporary jobs, no benefits.
3. Informalisation: Shift to informal jobs lacking security, benefits, and good working conditions.
4. Unemployment:
   • Types: Disguised, seasonal, structural, educated.
   • Causes: Overpopulation, low industrial growth, skill mismatch.
5. Government Schemes:
   • MGNREGA: Guaranteed 100 days of rural jobs.
   • Skill India Mission: Enhances vocational skills.
   • Startup India: Supports entrepreneurship.

Important questions and answers can be downloaded here.

Class 11 Economics Chapter 7: Employment: Growth, Informalisation, and Other Issues

Key Concepts

1. Employment: Work performed for income, vital for economic growth and poverty reduction.
2. Types of Workers:
   • Self-employed: Own businesses.
   • Hired Workers: Include regular salaried (secure jobs) and casual workers (temporary jobs).
3. Informalisation of Labor: Increasing reliance on jobs lacking security and benefits, leading to poor working conditions and no social security.
4. Unemployment in India:
   • Types: Disguised, seasonal, structural, and educated unemployment.
   • Causes: Population growth, skill mismatch, slow industrial growth.
5. Government Initiatives:
   • MGNREGA: 100 days of guaranteed rural employment.
   • Skill India Mission: Vocational training.
   • Startup India: Promotes entrepreneurship.

Important Questions

1. Define employment and its significance.
2. Explain regular salaried vs. casual workers.
3. Discuss informalisation and its challenges.
4. Describe types of unemployment with examples.
5. Highlight government efforts to reduce unemployment.

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